Ikigega cyo kubikamo ammonia y'amazi
Ammonia y'amazi iri mu rutonde rw'imiti ihumanya bitewe n'ubushobozi bwayo bwo gutwika, guturika no guhumanya. Dukurikije "Itandukaniro ry'Inkomoko Nkuru z'Imiti Ihumanya" (GB18218-2009), ingano y'ingenzi y'amonia irenga toni 10*** igize isoko rikomeye ry'ibyago. Ibigega byose bibika ammonia y'amazi bishyirwa mu byiciro bitatu by'imiyoboro y'umuvuduko. Noneho sesengura imiterere n'ibyago biteza akaga mu gihe cyo gukora no gukoresha ikigega kibika ammonia y'amazi, kandi utange ingamba zimwe na zimwe zo kwirinda impanuka.
Isesengura ry'ibyago by'ikigega gibika ammonia mu gihe cy'ikoreshwa
Imiterere mibi ya amoniya
Amoniya ni umwuka udafite ibara kandi ubonerana ufite impumuro ikaze, yoroshye gushonga ikaba amoniya y'amazi. Amoniya yoroshye kurusha umwuka kandi yoroshye gushonga mu mazi. Kubera ko amoniya y'amazi ishobora gushonga mu mwuka wa amoniya, iyo amoniya n'umwuka bivanze ku gipimo runaka, ishobora gushyirwa mu muriro ufunguye, urwego ntarengwa ni 15-27%, mu mwuka uri mu kirere ***** *Ingano yemewe ni 30mg/m3. Imyuka ya amoniya iva ishobora gutera uburozi, ububabare mu maso, mu mucosa y'ibihaha, cyangwa uruhu, kandi hari ibyago byo gushya mu buryo bw'ubukonje.
Isesengura ry'ibyago ku musaruro n'imikorere
1. Kugenzura urugero rwa amoniya
Iyo igipimo cyo kurekura amoniya kirihuta cyane, kugenzura urwego rw'amazi ari hasi cyane, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho binanirwa kugenzura, nibindi, umwuka w'ubukorano uva mu gikoresho cyo kubika amoniya, bigatuma umwuka ukabije mu gikoresho cyo kubikamo usohoka ndetse n'amazi menshi ya amoniya, ibyo bikaba byangiza cyane. Kugenzura urwego rw'amoniya ni ingenzi cyane.
2. Ubushobozi bwo kubika
Ubushobozi bwo kubika bw'ikigega cyo kubikamo ammonia y'amazi burenze 85% by'ingano y'ikigega cyo kubikamo, kandi umuvuduko urenze urugero rw'igenzura cyangwa igikorwa kigakorerwa mu kigega cyo kubikamo ammonia y'amazi. Iyo inzira n'intambwe bidakurikijwe neza mu mategeko agenga imikorere, hazavuka impanuka yo gusohora umuvuduko urenze urugero*****.
3. Kuzuza ammonia y'amazi
Iyo ammonia y'amazi yuzuye, kuzuza byinshi ntibikorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza, kandi guturika k'umuyoboro w'amazi bizatera impanuka zo kuva no kuzana uburozi.
Isesengura ry'ibyago ku bikoresho n'ibikoresho
1. Imiterere, igenzura, n'ibungabungwa ry'ibigega byo kubikamo amoniya y'amazi ntibihari cyangwa ntibihari, kandi ibikoresho by'umutekano nk'ibipimo by'urwego, ibipimo by'umuvuduko, n'udupira tw'umutekano bifite inenge cyangwa bihishe, bishobora gutera impanuka zo kuva mu gigega.
2. Mu mpeshyi cyangwa iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru, ikigega cyo kubikamo amoniya y'amazi ntikiba gifite amahema, amazi akonjesha adahindagurika n'ibindi bikoresho byo kwirinda nk'uko bikenewe, ibyo bigatuma ikigega cyo kubikamo amazi gisohoka cyane.
3. Kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika kw'uburinzi bw'inkuba n'ibikoresho birwanya imihindagurikire cyangwa ubutaka bishobora gutera impanuka y'amashanyarazi ku kigega cyo kubikamo.
4. Kunanirwa kw'imbunda zitanga amakuru, imifungurire, ubutabazi bw'umuvuduko w'impanuka, imbunda zitanga amakuru zikoresha imyuka itwika n'uburozi n'ibindi bikoresho bizatera impanuka zo kumena umuvuduko ukabije cyangwa kwagura ikigega cyo kubikamo ibintu.
Ingamba zo gukumira impanuka
Ingamba zo gukumira ibikorwa byo gukora umusaruro
1. Shyira mu bikorwa witonze inzira z'imikorere
Witondere imikorere y'imyanda ya amoniya mu nkingi z'ubukorano, genzura urwego rw'amazi yo gutandukanya amazi n'amazi ya amoniya mu buryo bukonje, komeza urwego rw'amazi ruhamye mu ntera iri hagati ya 1/3 na 2/3, kandi wirinde ko urugero rw'amazi rugabanuka cyane cyangwa hejuru cyane.
2. Genzura neza umuvuduko w'ikigega gibikamo amoniya y'amazi
Ingano y'amazi amoniya igomba kubikwamo ntigomba kurenza 85% by'ingano y'ikigega cyo kubikamo. Mu gihe gisanzwe cyo gukora, ikigega cyo kubikamo amoniya kigomba kugenzurwa ku rugero rwo hasi, muri rusange kiri munsi ya 30% by'ingano y'amazi yuzuye neza, kugira ngo hirindwe ko amoniya ibikwamo bitewe n'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere. Kwaguka no kwiyongera k'umuvuduko bizatera umuvuduko ukabije mu kigega cyo kubikamo.
3. Amabwiriza yo kwirinda kuzuza ammonia y'amazi
Abakozi bashyiramo amoniya bagomba gutsinda inyigisho n'amahugurwa by'umwuga ku mutekano mbere yuko batangira akazi kabo. Bagomba kuba bazi imikorere, imiterere, uburyo bwo kuyikoresha, imiterere y'inyongera, amahame y'imikorere, imiterere y'akaga ya amoniya y'amazi n'ingamba zo kuvura mu gihe cy'impanuka.
Mbere yo kuzuza, ibyemezo nk'igenzura ry'ibizamini bya tanki, uruhushya rwo gukoresha tanki, uruhushya rwo gutwara ibinyabiziga, icyemezo cyo guherekeza imodoka, n'uruhushya rwo gutwara bigomba kwemezwa. Ibikoresho by'umutekano bigomba kuba byuzuye kandi byumvikana, kandi igenzura rigomba kuba ryujuje ibisabwa; igitutu kiri mu tanki mbere yo kuzuza kigomba kuba gito. Munsi ya 0.05 MPa; imikorere y'umuyoboro uhuza ammonia igomba kugenzurwa.
Abakozi bashyiramo amoniya bagomba gukurikiza neza amabwiriza y’imikorere y’ikigega gibika amoniya y’amazi, kandi bakitondera ingano y’imvange ...
Abakozi bashyiramo amoniya bagomba kwambara udupfukamunwa twa gaze n'uturindantoki; aho hantu hagomba kuba hari ibikoresho byo kuzimya inkongi no kurinda gaze; mu gihe cyo kuzuza, ntibagomba kuva aho hantu, kandi bagakomeza kugenzura umuvuduko w'ikamyo ya tanki, imiyoboro y'amazi kugira ngo barebe ko hari aho amazi ava, nibindi, gazi ya tanki. Bagomba kuyisubiza muri sisitemu uko bikwiye kandi ntibayikuremo uko bishakiye. Niba hari ikibazo kidasanzwe nko kumena amazi, hagarika kuzuza ako kanya, kandi bafate ingamba zifatika zo gukumira impanuka zitunguranye.
Igenzura rihoraho ry’ibikoresho byo gushyiramo amoniya, ingamba n’amabwiriza bigomba gukorwa buri munsi, kandi hakorwe inyandiko z’igenzura n’izuzuza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-31-2021
