Mu gitondo cyo ku ya 13 Mutarama 2021, igishushanyo cya mbere ku isi cy’ubuhanga bwa maglev yihuta cyane ku bushyuhe bwinshi n’umurongo w’ibizamini hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ry’umwimerere rya Kaminuza ya Southwest Jiaotong cyatangijwe ku mugaragaro i Chengdu, mu Ntara ya Sichuan, mu Bushinwa. Ni intambwe ikomeye kuva ku ntangiriro mu bushakashatsi ku mushinga wa maglev yihuta cyane mu Bushinwa kandi igihugu cyacu gifite ibyangombwa byo gukora igerageza n’ibyerekanwa ry’ubuhanga.
Urubanza rwa Mbere ku Isi; Tegura Icyitegererezo
Gukoresha umurongo w’igerageza rya ikoranabuhanga ripima ubushyuhe bwinshi rikoresha ingufu za rukuruzi ni ubwa mbere ku isi. Ni ikimenyetso cy’inganda zikora ibintu mu buryo bw’ubwenge mu Bushinwa, kandi byatanze urugero mu bijyanye n’ubushyuhe bwinshi bukoresha ingufu za rukuruzi.
Ikoranabuhanga rya gari ya moshi ya maglev ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi rifite ibyiza byo kudahindagurika kw'isoko, imiterere yoroshye, kuzigama ingufu, kudahumanya ibidukikije cyangwa urusaku, umutekano n'ihumure, ndetse n'igiciro gito cyo gukora. Ni ubwoko bushya bwiza bw'ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi, bukwiriye ahantu hatandukanye ho kwihuta, cyane cyane bukwiriye gukoreshwa ku miyoboro yihuta cyane kandi ikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi; Iri koranabuhanga ni ikoranabuhanga rya gari ya moshi ya maglev ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi ifite imiterere yo kwihagarika, kwiyobora, no kwiyubaka. Ni uburyo bushya busanzwe bwo gutwara gari ya moshi bureba iterambere ry'ejo hazaza n'ibyiza bikoreshwa mu buryo bwagutse. Iri koranabuhanga ni ubwa mbere rikozwe mu kirere, kandi umuvuduko witezweho wo gukora ni munini kurusha kilometero 600 ku isaha, byitezwe ko rizashyiraho agahigo gashya k'umuvuduko w'imodoka ku butaka mu kirere.
Intambwe ikurikiraho ni uguhuza ikoranabuhanga ry’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi mu gihe kizaza kugira ngo hatezwe imbere uburyo bwuzuye bwo gutwara abantu buzuza icyuho mu gutwara abantu ku butaka no mu kirere, bizashyiraho urufatiro rw’iterambere rirambye mu muvuduko uri hejuru ya kilometero 1000 ku isaha, bityo hubakwe uburyo bushya bwo gutwara abantu ku butaka. Impinduka zireba imbere kandi zibangamira iterambere ry’ingendo za gari ya moshi.
△ Ibishushanyo by'ejo hazaza △
Ikoranabuhanga rya Magnetic Levitation
Kugeza ubu, hari ikoranabuhanga ritatu rya "super magnetic levitation" ku isi.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurura amashanyarazi mu Budage:
Ihame rya elegitoroniki rikoreshwa mu gushyira mu bikorwa umurongo hagati ya gari ya moshi n'inzira. Kuri ubu, gari ya moshi ya maglev ya Shanghai, gari ya moshi ya maglev irimo kubakwa i Changsha na Beijing byose biri muri iyi gari ya moshi.
Ikoranabuhanga rya superconducting magnetic levitation mu Buyapani rikoresha ubushyuhe buke:
Koresha ubushobozi bwo gukora superconducting bw'ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe ku bushyuhe buri hasi (bikonjeshejwe kugeza kuri -269°C hamwe na heliyumu y'amazi) kugira ngo utume train levitate, nk'umurongo wa Shinkansen maglev mu Buyapani.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gutwara ingufu za magnetic mu Bushinwa rikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi:
Ihame ni kimwe n’iry’ubushyuhe buri hasi, ariko ubushyuhe bwaryo bwo gukora ni -196°C.
Mu igerageza ryabanje, iyi levitation ya rukuruzi mu gihugu cyacu ntishobora guhagarikwa gusa ahubwo ishobora no guhagarikwa.
△ Azote y'amazi na superconductors △
Ibyiza byo gutwara gari ya moshi ya Maglev ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi
Kuzigama ingufu:Gukoresha amashanyarazi n'ubuyobozi ntibisaba ingufu zikoreshwa mu kugenzura cyangwa gutanga amashanyarazi ku modoka, kandi sisitemu yoroshye. Guhagarika no kuyobora bigomba gukonjeshwa na azote y'amazi ihendutse (77 K), kandi 78% by'umwuka ni azote.
Kurengera ibidukikije:Gutwara rukuruzi mu bushyuhe bwinshi bishobora kuba ugutwara hejuru mu buryo butaziguye, nta rusaku rwose; inzira ihoraho ya rukuruzi ikora imbaraga rukuruzi zidahinduka, kandi imbaraga rukuruzi aho abagenzi bakoraho ni zeru, kandi nta mwanda wa rukuruzi ubaho.
Umuvuduko wo hejuru:Uburebure bw'ubushyuhe (10 ~ 30 mm) bushobora gushushanywa uko bikenewe, kandi bushobora gukoreshwa mu gukoresha umuvuduko uhoraho kugeza ku muvuduko wo hasi, uringaniye, uri hejuru ndetse no mu muvuduko wo hejuru cyane. Ugereranyije n'ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha ingufu za rukuruzi, bukwiriye cyane mu gutwara imiyoboro y'amazi idafite umwuka (irenga kilometero 1000 ku isaha).
Umutekano:Imbaraga zo gukurura ziyongera cyane uko uburebure bwo gukurura bugabanuka, kandi umutekano w'imikorere ushobora kwemezwa nta kugenzura mu cyerekezo gihagaze. Sisitemu yo kuyobora ubwayo ishobora kandi kwemeza ko ikora neza mu cyerekezo kitambitse.
Ihumure:"Imbaraga zidasanzwe" za superconductor ikora ubushyuhe bwinshi zituma umubiri w'imodoka uhora uhagaze neza hejuru no hasi, ibyo bikaba ari uguhagarara neza ku buryo bigoye ku modoka iyo ari yo yose kugeraho. Icyo abagenzi bahura na cyo iyo batwaye imodoka ni "kumva nta cyo bitwaye".
Igiciro gito cyo gukora:Ugereranyije n'imodoka zo mu Budage zitwara ingufu za rukuruzi zikoresha amashanyarazi ahoraho hamwe n'imodoka zo mu Buyapani zitwara ingufu za rukuruzi zikoresha heliyumu y'amazi, ifite ibyiza byo kuba ifite uburemere bworoshye, imiterere yoroshye, n'ikiguzi gito cyo gukora no gukoresha.
Imikoreshereze ya azote y'amazi mu buryo bwa siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga
Bitewe n'imiterere ya superconductors, superconductor igomba kwinjizwa mu kirere cya azote y'amazi kuri -196℃ mu gihe cy'akazi.
Gutwara amashanyarazi mu bushyuhe bwinshi ni ikoranabuhanga rikoresha uburyo bwo gupima amashanyarazi mu buryo bwa magnetic flux bw’ibikoresho byinshi bitwara amashanyarazi mu bushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo bigere ku gutwarwa guhamye nta kugenzura ibintu.
Ikamyo yo Kuzuza Azote y'Amazi
Ikamyo yo kuzuza azote y'amazi ni ibicuruzwa byateguwe kandi bigakorwa na Sichuan Haishengjie Cryogenic Technology Co., Ltd. kubera umushinga wa maglev wihuta cyane ukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ni wo shingiro ry'ikoranabuhanga rya maglev - Dewar inyunganirazo y'amazi ya azote.
△ Gukoresha ikamyo ikora azote y'amazi mu murima △
Imiterere y'imodoka igendanwa, imirimo yo kongeramo azote y'amazi ishobora gukorwa iruhande rwa gari ya moshi.
Sisitemu yo kuzuza azote y'amazi ikora mu buryo bwikora ishobora gutanga azote y'amazi ingana na dewari 6 icyarimwe.
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ifite inzira esheshatu, buri cyambu cyo kongeramo gishobora kugenzurwa ukwacyo.
Uburinzi bw'umuvuduko muke, rinda imbere muri Dewar mu gihe cyo kongera kuzura.
Uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi y'umutekano wa 24V.
Ikigega cy'ibikoresho cyinjiza umuvuduko
Ni ikigega gitanga amazi cyikoresha umuvuduko wihariye cyakozwe kandi kigakorerwa kubika azote y'amazi. Cyahoraga gishingiye ku miterere y'igishushanyo mbonera cyizewe, ubwiza bw'inganda n'iminsi myinshi yo kubika azote y'amazi.
△ Urutonde rw'inyongera za azote y'amazi △
△ Gukoresha ikigega cy'amazi gitanga umuvuduko wikora △
Umushinga urimo gukorwa
Mu minsi mike ishize, twakoranye n'inzobere zo muri Kaminuza ya Southwest Jiaotong
Yakoze ubushakashatsi bukurikira ku mushinga wa maglev wihuta cyane ukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi
△ Ahantu habereye inama △
Twishimiye cyane kuba twaragize uruhare muri uyu murimo w’ubukangurambaga kuri iyi nshuro. Mu gihe kizaza, tuzakomeza kandi gukorana n’ubushakashatsi bukurikira bw’uyu mushinga kugira ngo dutere intambwe ishoboka kuri uyu murimo w’ubukangurambaga.
Twemera
Ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga by'Ubushinwa bizageraho nta kabuza
Ahazaza h'Ubushinwa huzuyemo ibyo abantu biteze
Igihe cyo kohereza: 13 Nzeri 2021
