Azote y'amazi (LN2) igira uruhare runini mu isi y'ikoranabuhanga ryifashishwa mu kubyara, nk'ikintu gikoreshwa mu kubika ibintu by'agaciro by'ibinyabuzima, nk'amagi, intanga, n'intanga ngore. Itanga ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane kandi ikagira ubushobozi bwo kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw'uturemangingo, LN2 ituma izi ngero zoroshye zibungabungwa igihe kirekire. Ariko, gukoresha LN2 bitera imbogamizi zidasanzwe, bitewe n'ubukonje bwayo bukabije, umuvuduko wayo wo kwaguka vuba ndetse n'ingaruka zishobora guterwa no kwimuka kwa ogisijeni. Twifatanye natwe mu gihe turimo gusuzuma ingamba z'ingenzi z'umutekano n'uburyo bwiza bukenewe kugira ngo ibidukikije bibungabungwe neza kandi binoze, abakozi bashinzwe kurinda, ndetse n'ejo hazaza ho kuvura uburumbuke.
Umuti wo kubika azote y'amazi ya Haier mu buryo bwa Biomedical
Kugabanya ibyago bishobora kubaho mu ikoreshwa ry'icyumba cy'ubushyuhe
Hari ingaruka zitandukanye zijyanye no gufata LN2, harimo guturika, guhumeka, no gutwika bikabije. Kubera ko igipimo cyo kwaguka kwa LN2 ari hafi 1:700 - bivuze ko litiro 1 ya LN2 izahinduka umwuka igatanga litiro zigera kuri 700 za gazi ya azote - hagomba kwitonderwa cyane mu gihe cyo gufata uducupa tw'ikirahure; agahu ka azote gashobora kumenagura ikirahure, bigatuma havuka uduce dushobora gutera imvune. Byongeye kandi, LN2 ifite ubucucike bw'umwuka bugera kuri 0.97, bivuze ko ari ntoya ugereranyije n'umwuka kandi ihurira ku butaka iyo ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane. Uku kwirundanya bigira ingaruka zo guhumeka ahantu hafunganye, bigagabanya urugero rwa ogisijeni mu kirere. Ingaruka zo guhumeka ziyongeraho no kurekurwa vuba kwa LN2 kugira ngo habeho ibicu by'umuhengeri. Kwishyira muri uyu mwuka ukonje cyane, cyane cyane ku ruhu cyangwa mu maso - ndetse no mu gihe gito - bishobora gutera ubushyuhe bukabije, ubukonje, kwangirika kw'ingingo cyangwa ndetse no kwangirika kw'amaso burundu.
Inzira nziza
Buri vuriro ry’uburumbuke rigomba gukora isuzuma ry’ibyago by’imbere mu cyumba cyaryo cy’uburumbuke. Inama ku buryo bwo gukora ibi bipimo ziraboneka mu bitabo by’amategeko ngengamikorere (CP) byatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’Abongereza rishinzwe imyuka ifunze.1 By’umwihariko, CP36 ni ingirakamaro mu gutanga inama ku bijyanye no kubika imyuka ifunze aho hantu, kandi CP45 itanga ubuyobozi ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’icyumba cyo kubikamo imyuka ifunze.[2,3]
Imiterere ya NO.1
Ahantu heza ho gushyiramo icyumba gishyushye ni hamwe n’ahantu hashobora kugerwaho neza. Hakenewe kwitonda ku ishyirwa ry’icyuma gishyushya LN2, kuko kizakenera kuzura hakoreshejwe ubwato bufite umuvuduko. Byaba byiza ubwato butanga azote y’amazi bugomba kuba buri hanze y’icyumba gishyushyamo, ahantu hafite umwuka mwiza kandi hatekanye. Ku bubiko bunini, ubwato butanga ayo mazi akenshi buhuzwa neza n’ubwato bubikwamo binyuze mu muyoboro w’amazi ushyushya. Niba imiterere y’inyubako idatuma ubwato butanga ayo mazi bushyirwa hanze, hagomba kwitabwaho cyane mu gihe cyo gufata azote y’amazi, kandi hagomba gukorwa isuzuma ryimbitse ry’ibyago, rikubiyemo uburyo bwo gukurikirana no gukurura amazi.
Uburyo bwo guhumeka bwa NO.2
Ibyumba byose bikoresha umwuka ushyushye bigomba kuba bifite uburyo bwo guhumeka neza, hamwe n’uburyo bwo gukuramo umwuka kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwuka wa azote wiyongera kandi birinde kugabanuka kwa ogisijeni, bigabanye ibyago byo kubura umwuka. Ubu buryo bugomba kuba bukwiriye umwuka ushyushye ushyushye, kandi bugahuzwa n’uburyo bwo kugenzura igabanuka rya ogisijeni kugira ngo bumenye igihe urugero rwa ogisijeni rugabanutse munsi ya 19.5 ku ijana, muri icyo gihe bizatera kwiyongera k’umuvuduko w’ihererekanya ry’umwuka. Imiyoboro ikoresha umwuka ushyushye igomba kuba iri ku butaka mu gihe ibikoresho bikoresha umwuka ushyushye bigomba gushyirwa kuri metero imwe uvuye hasi. Ariko, aho hantu nyaho hagomba kugenwa nyuma yo gusuzuma neza aho hantu, kuko ibintu nk'ingano y'icyumba n'imiterere yacyo bigira ingaruka ku hantu heza ho gushyira umwuka. Inzogera yo hanze igomba kandi gushyirwa hanze y'icyumba, itanga amajwi n'amashusho kugira ngo yerekane igihe bidakwiriye kwinjira.
UMUBARE WA 3 W'UMUTEKANO W'UMUNTU
Amavuriro amwe ashobora kandi guhitamo guha abakozi ibikoresho byo kugenzura umwuka wa ogisijeni ku giti cyabo no gukoresha sisitemu y’ubufasha aho abantu binjira mu cyumba cy’umwuka wa ogisijeni ari babiri babiri gusa, bigabanye igihe umuntu umwe amara mu cyumba igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Ni inshingano z’ikigo guhugura abakozi kuri sisitemu yo kubika ibintu bikonje n’ibikoresho byayo kandi benshi bahitamo ko abakozi bakora amasomo yo kwirinda azote kuri interineti. Abakozi bagomba kwambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda indwara za ogisijeni (PPE) kugira ngo birinde ubushye bwa ogisijeni, harimo kurinda amaso, uturindantoki, inkweto zikwiye, n’ikoti rya laboratwari. Ni ngombwa ko abakozi bose bahabwa amahugurwa y’ubutabazi bw’ibanze ku buryo bwo guhangana n’ubushye bwa ogisijeni, kandi ni byiza kugira amazi y’akazuyazi hafi kugira ngo boge uruhu niba habayeho ubushye.
4 Kubungabunga
Ubwato bufite umuvuduko n'agasanduku ka LN2 nta bice byimuka, bivuze ko gahunda y'ibanze yo kubungabunga buri mwaka ari yo yonyine ikenewe. Muri ibi, imiterere y'umuyoboro ushyushye igomba kugenzurwa, ndetse n'ibindi byose bikenewe byo gusimbuza valve zirekura umutekano. Abakozi bagomba kugenzura buri gihe ko nta hantu hakonjesha - haba ku gasanduku cyangwa ku bwato butanga ibikoresho - bishobora kugaragaza ikibazo cy'umwuka udafite umwuka. Hamwe no gusuzuma neza ibi bintu byose, no gukurikiza gahunda ihoraho yo kubungabunga, ubwato bufite umuvuduko bushobora kumara imyaka igera kuri 20.
Umwanzuro
Kugenzura umutekano w'icyumba cyo kubungabunga uburumbuke cy'ivuriro aho LN2 ikoreshwa ni ingenzi cyane. Nubwo iyi blog yagaragaje ibintu bitandukanye by'umutekano, ni ngombwa ko buri vuriro rikora isuzuma ryaryo bwite ry'ibyago kugira ngo rikemure ibibazo byihariye n'ibyago bishobora kubaho. Gufatanya n'abatanga serivisi z'inzobere mu bikoresho bibikwamo ibintu bikonje, nka Haier Biomedical, ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho ibyifuzo byo kubungabunga uburumbuke neza kandi mu mutekano. Mu gushyira imbere umutekano, kubahiriza amabwiriza meza, no gukorana n'inzobere zizewe, ibitaro by'uburumbuke bishobora kubungabunga ibidukikije bibungabunga uburumbuke, birinda abakozi ndetse n'uburyo ibikoresho by'agaciro by'imyororokere bikomeza kubaho.
Amareferensi
1. Amategeko ngengamikorere - BCGA. Yabonetse ku ya 18 Gicurasi 2023. https://bcga.co.uk/pubcat/codes-of-practice/
2. Amategeko ngengamikorere 45: Uburyo bwo kubika ibikoresho bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya cryogenic. Igishushanyo n'imikorere. Ishyirahamwe ry'Abongereza rishinzwe imyuka ifunze. Byasohotse kuri interineti mu 2021. Byabonetse ku ya 18 Gicurasi 2023. https://bcga.co.uk/wp-
3.ibirimo/ibyoherejwe/2021/11/BCGA-CP-45-Original-05-11-2021.pdf
4. Amategeko ngengamikorere 36: Ububiko bw'amazi akoreshwa mu gukaraba mu nyubako z'abakoresha. Ishyirahamwe ry'Abongereza rishinzwe imyuka ifunze. Yasohotse kuri interineti mu 2013. Yabonetse ku ya 18 Gicurasi 2023. https://bcga.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/CP36.pdf
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-01-2024
